Physical Development

• Switches from reflex to voluntary body control
• Sits when supported with minimum head bobbing
• Turns head toward bright colors
• Makes fists with both hands

• Briefly grasps objects
• Visually follows moving objects
• Hands open most of the time
• Actively holds a toy
• Hands come together at eye level-center of visiony
• Pulls at blankets or clothing
• Visually follows objects 180 degrees
• Bears weight on forearms while on tummy

Language Development

• Makes vowel-like sounds
• Responds with vocalization to mother's smile and voice
• Listens to voices
• Cries less
• Makes cooing sounds

Mental Development

• Is attentive for up to 15 minutes at one time
• Follows object from side to side of body
• Repeats actions for their own sake
• Recognizes bottle or breast

Social Development

• Begins to understand that hands and feet are extensions of self
• Stop crying when parents approach
• Responds with total body to face he recognizes

Physical Development

• Average weekly weight gain is 3 to 5 ounces for next 6 Months
• Chews and bites
• Reaches for objects and picks up
• Roll from stomach to back

Fine Motor Development

• Brings object to mouth
• Pulls blanket off face
• Plays with hands at center of their vision or in front of their face
• Holds onto objects for up to 30 seconds
• Both hands on bottle or breast
• Knows what it is reaching for
• Looks or goes after dropped objects
• Transfers objects from hand to hand
• Reaches for an object with one arm

Language Development

• Vowels begin to be interspersed with more consonants
• Babbles and becomes more active during exciting sounds
• Vocalizes pleasures and displeasure

Mental Development

• Picks up blocks briefly and directly
• Inspects objects at length
• Senses the relationship between hands and objects they manipulate

Social Development

• Shows fear of strangers and excitement to familiar people
• Laughs when head covered with towel
• Laughs out loud
• Holds out arms when wants to be picked up

Physical Development

• Crawls with one hand full
• Crawls up stairs
• Builds a tower of two blocks
• Gets down from standing
• Clasps hands or bangs objects together

Fine Motor Development

• Bangs toys on surface
• Hands to feet/feet to mouth
• Bangs, drops, shakes toys
• Uses both hands to play with toys
• Bangs two objects together
• Grasps small objects using thumb against side of index finger
• Plays pat-a-cake/claps hands

Language Development

• Uses words meaningfully
• Responds to 1 or 2 words other than name
• Imitates coughs, tongue clicking, and hissing

Mental Development

• Fears heights, aware of vertical space
• Beginning of intelligence, assigns symbols to events
• Begins to show a quality of persistence

Social Development

• Recognizes mother and self in mirror
• Percieves mother as a serperate person; father as a seperate person probably

Physical Development

• Crawls on hands and knees
• Birth weight is tripled
• Walks with help
• Drinks from a cup and eats from spoon with help
• Sits without support

Fine Motor Development

• Pokes with index finger
• Lets go of objects in an awkward way
• Reaches for objects that are close
• With demonstration will release cube into cup
• Places cube on cube, tries to stack objects
• Uses finger and thumb to pick up objects that are small
• Holds crayon in a way that allows them to color

Language Development

• Says 2 to 8 words
• Imitates sounds of animals
• Controls intonations, patterns of those similar to parents

Mental Development

• Stacks two blocks
• Searches for a hidden object, even if he hasn't seen it hidden, but only remembers where it was last seen
• Understands no and bye-bye

Social Development

• Distinguishes from self and others
• Fears strange people and places
• Waves bye-bye, plays patty cake and peek-a-boo

Physical Development

• Soft spot on top of head closes
• Abdomen protrudes
• Imitates housework
• Needs 10 to 12 hours of sleep each night
• Walks without help

Fine Motor Development

• Turns more than one page at a time
• Builds tower of two cubes
• Removes lid from shoe box to retrieve toy
• Holds foot out to put shoe on
• Holds two cubes in one hand
• Scribbles on paper
• Removes both socks and shoes
• Builds tower of three or four cubes
• Places two shapes in a puzzle
• Puts several blocks into a cup/container

Language Development

• Says 4 to 6 six words at 15 months, 10 or more at 18 months
• Points to desired objects
• Vocalizes voice up and down

Mental Development

• Understands relationship between object and use
• Beginning concept of "up" and "down"
• Recognizes familiar pictures

Social Development

• Feeds self with hands
• Enjoys being the center of attention
• Prefers certain people to others
• Begins to adjust to babysitteri
• Likes to look at pictures

Physical Development

• Birth weight is quadrupled
• Primary teeth complete
• Can build tower of 8 blocks
• Copies circle from model
• Throws ball about 4-5 feet

Fine Motor Development

• Removes screw on cap from bottle
• Places rings on stand in any order
• Imitates making a train with cubes
• Draws a straight horizontal line
• Removes shirt, pants and shorts with help for fastners
• Able to turn a door knob

Language Development

• Gives first and last names
• Enjoys rhymes and singing

Mental Development

• Is egocentric
• Symbolic and fantasy play
• Begins to understand the concept of time
• Uses symbols increasingly

Social Development

• Separates easily from parents
• Notices sex difference
• Independant in toileting except for wiping

Physical Development

• Average yearly weight gain is 4 to 6 pounds
• Begins to use scissors
• Balances on one foot for 5 seconds
• Runs easily
• Rides a tricycle
• Uses a toilet

Fine Motor Development

• Draws circles, end point within one-half inch of beginning
• Imitates making a bridge with cubes
• Demonstrates hand washing
• Cut paper from one side to the opposite side with scissors

Language Development

• Vocabulary of about 900 words
• Talks in sentances of about nine words
• Asks many questions
• Repeats common rhymes
• Says sounds a, m, b, p, n, l, w

Mental Development

• Repeats three numbers
• Still engages in fantasy play
• Builds tower of 9-10 cubes

Social Development

• Less negative
• More friendly
• Begins to understand taking turns and sharing
• Begins to learn meaning of simple rules

Physical Development

• Balances on one foot for 4 - 8 seconds
• Jumps from step
• Cuts straight with scissors
• Copies a circle

Fine Motor Development

• Unbuttons large buttons
• Winds up toy by turning knob
• Cuts entire length of traced line within one-half inch of the line
• Pulls on shorts
• Draws a cross with intersecting lines
• Begins to show a hand preference
• Strings 4 to 5 beads
• Copies the word "Stop"
• Draws a person with at least 8 body parts
• Copies a diamond
• Imitates building steps with blocks

Language Development

• Asks question- "What, Where, Who?"
• Speaks clearly ad is understood by non-family members
• Gives reasonable answers to basic questions
• Says sounds of d, g, f, k, y

Mental Development

• Dresses and undresses with little help
• Gives first and last name
• Counts to 5
• Builds a tower of 10 blocks

Social Development

• Shows many emotions
• Parallel play with other children

Physical Development

• Skips using alternate feet
• Catches large balls
• Bathes self
• Walks backwards toe to heel

Fine Motor Development

• Fold paper in half with edges within 1/8" of each other
• Cuts square within 1/8" of lines

Language Development

• Speaks clearly in sentances up to 5 - 6 words

Mental Development

• Dresses alone
• Counts up to 10 objects
• Copies familiar shapes (square, circle, triangle)
• Put objects behind, in front of, under, back, ect.

Social Development

• Plays with boys and girls
• Likes palying with adults or older children

Physical Development

• Climbs, skips, hops, and gallops
• Learning to ride bikes

Fine Motor Development

• Connects dots ith straight line
• Touches each finger to thumb rapidly
• Colors within lines without crossing lines
• Imitates building a pyramid of cubes
• Copies the word "Stop"
• Copies a diamond

Language Development

• Uses all types of sentance structure
• Prints letters
• Draws a person with at least 8 body parts
• Imitates building steps with blocks

Mental Development

• Able to define objects use (a spoon being something you eat with)
• Describes objects seen in pictures
• Recognizes shapes, numbers
• Makes decisions easily

Social Development

• Likes to have a best friend
• Developing a sense of right and wrong
• Likes small group play
• Knows right from left

Physical Development

• Dexterity increases
• Skates, rides bikes
• Agility and coordination improves
• Motor skills improve
• Girls have sudden growth spurts

Fine Motor Development

• Increasingly skillful with hands
• Likes to build things
• Fond of puzzles, board games, and cards
• Is learning to write in cursive

Language Development

• Thinks in concrete terms
• Able to read and write

Mental Development

• Curious about the function and use of objects
• Concrete operational stage (age of relational thinking and concrete concepts)

Social Development

• Privacy is important
• Hero worship begins
• Wants to be involved in clubs
• May reject Santa Claus and Easter Bunny

Physical Development

• Body changes associated with puberty
• Increases in height/weight
• May become more clumsy

Fine Motor Development

• Learning to type
• Able to write stories
• Able to draw a person with appropriate body parts

Language Development

• Able to understand advanced levels of communication
• May respond with monosyllable answers
• High level of comprehension and vocabulary

Mental Development

• Concerned aboud body image and function
• Begins to develop abstract thinking and logic
• Enjoys developing intellectual powers

Social Development

• Concern for privacy
• Tends to be self-conscious
• Beginning interest in opposite sex
• Peer groups more important than family
• Mood swings
• Period of conflict with parents
• Adopt extremein mannerisms, clothing, and music, ect.